The Semiology of Cubism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Semiology of Cubism - Essay ExampleAcursory course session of the slide byn text testifies to the fact that the aim of the author is not to limit the actual scope of the yield by affiliating it to concrete conclusions. In contrast, adhering to the creative nature of the topic one is delving upon, the author is trying to give the reader a peep into the struggles, conflicts, frustrations, angst and evolutionary reverberations going on into the minds of the few representative cubists, thereby represent the evolution of a school of art in a somewhat loosely chronological context, where the artists concurrently consider in the act of creation and at the same time get disillusioned with the forms and symbols created by them. One peculiar thing about the reader is that in ones attempt to engage in a loosely creative way into a semiotic evolution of cubism, while avoiding adhering to concrete generalities, many a times the writer comes out as being somewhat nebulous.

Why didnt the South win the Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why didnt the sulfur win the Civil war - Essay ExampleOne answer is that the northwesterly won it. The South lost because the spousal relationship outmanned and outclassed it at almost every point, militarily. Despite the long-held notion that the South had all of the better generals, it really had only superstar good army commander and that was Lee. The rest were second-raters, at best. The North, on the other hand, had the good mint of bringing along and nurturing people like Grant, William T. Sherman, Philip Sheridan, George H. Thomas, and others.The South was way outclassed industrially. There was probably never any chance of it winning without European recognition and military aid. And we can now see in retrospect what some, like Jefferson Davis, even saw at the time, which was that there was never any real consent of Europe intervening. It just never was in England or Frances interests to get involved in a North American war that would inevitably have wound up doing gr eat damage, especially to Englands maritime trade.industrially the South couldnt keep up in output and in manpower. By the end of the war, the South had, more or less, plenty of weaponry still, but it just didnt have enough men to use the guns. It is one of the factors of lost that south was inherently weaker in the various essentials to win a military victory than the North (Holness, 2). The North had a population of more than twenty-two million people to the Souths nine-and-a-half million, of whom three-and-a-half million were slaves. While the slaves could be used to support the war effort through work on the plantations and in industries and as teamsters and pioneers with the army, they were not used as a combat arm in the war to any extent.So if the South were to win, it had to win a short war by striking swiftly--in modem parlance, by an offensive blitzkrieg strategy. unless the Confederates had established their military goals as fighting in defense of their homeland. In 18 61, when enthusiasm was high in the

Positron Annihilation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Positron Annihilation - Essay ExampleThe gamma rays released can be sight and measured. A source of antielectrons and a detector for gamma radiation is required to study positron annihilation. The positron annihilation experiment involves the use of cardinal detectors placed at an angle anywhere between 160-200. 22Na and 60Co ar used in the experiment. The scintillation detectors are used not only for the detection but in like manner measurement of gamma radiation. Electronic counters are used for investigating the annihilation events. The observations made regarding the annihilation events in case of 22Na were piece to be in agreement with theoretical considerations. The angulate distribution of gamma rays from a 60Co source was also investigated. This part of the experiment provided rather convoluted information. The gamma rays resulting from annihilation events were found to be more spread rather than peaked. Such a behavior can be attributed to the changes in the angular u rge of the 60Co nucleus as it progresses through its unstable, excited state. Observations made in this experiment are in agreement with theoretical observations. The experiment demonstrates back-to-back emission of annihilation photons, peaking at 180. The coincidence events for 22Na were found to be more reliable than for 60Co.Introduction. Collision of a low vital force positron by an electron of low energy results in their annihilation, causing the production of gamma ray photons. They are responsible for carrying forward the momentum and energy of the pair. e? + e+ ? + ? These photon rays do not have enough mass and energy to result in the production of heavier particles. The process of positron annihilation satisfies certain laws of conservation such as the conservation of electric charge, conservation of total energy, and conservation of momentum ( two linear and angular). The conservation of linear momentum and energy does not accommodate the creation of one photon but ra ther devil gamma rays. The two gamma rays ensuing from the positron annihilation move in the opposite direction. The energy possessed by these two gamma rays is approximately 0.511 MeV (Mega electron Volts). Figure 1 Feynman diagram of positron annihilation (Booklet, 2012) The two gamma rays are created because in that location is no momentum in the system during annihilation as both(prenominal) the electron and the positron come to rest for a short moment. The momentum of the system cannot be maintain if only one proton is created in the process. The collective amount of 1.022 MeV energy of the two gamma rays that are moving in opposite directions satisfies the conservation of the momentum and energy. The positron used in the annihilation process is often obtained from the tumble of a proton into a neutron, resulting in the release of a positron and a neutrino. Figure 2 Emission of positron and its annihilation (PET, 2007) The gamma rays released in the process of positron a nnihilation are both detectable and measurable. Time coincidence counting is a technique that is employed for studying hot materials. With this technique, radioactive materials can be detected and identified. The disintegration rates of the radioactive materials can also be graduate with this technique. The absolute activity of the materials can be measured by counting the radiation events occurring in the radioactive material. The radiation could comprise of beta and gamma rays and can be easily measured using the technique. During the decay of an unstable nucleus, several photons may be emitted in a cascade. 60Co nucleus is one such example. In 22Na, the decay product, which is a positron, annihilates in the source itself. To induce positron annihilation or study it, there is a need for a positron emitter. Various materials have been used

Self Evaluation-Educational Objective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self Evaluation-Educational Objective - Essay ExampleI personally believe that quantify counseling go forth be the biggest challenge during this course. The balance between family life, act and academic area will be a difficult thing to do. Proper planning and following those plans are helpful in maintaining just balance between these 3 crucial areas of a persons life. I intend to properly distribute time and following my plans to achieve my terminal of attaining this degree. The concept of diversity and globalization are not new for anyone today. I rush faced diversity in the workplaces and I am familiar with the barriers that people face. I have always been a rational person and avoid discrimination at all instances. I will contribute to the diversified learning environment by keeping my decisions, work and relationships balanced with everyone and by advance teamwork. I work as a leader to a group of 8 employees. I personally believe that I lack management skills and leade rship traits which are important for my job. Education undoubtedly helps us in gaining better designation. This MBA program will be helpful in gaining reputation in the work field, promotion by application of modern concepts and better job performance. I have a goal to become the head of the department in my workplace. I lacked the masters degree which is the requirement of that position.

EH&S professional case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EH&S schoolmaster case study - Essay ExampleThis give the bounce be done by c eaching the crazy material team from 15 miles which is trained under me.Take care no one goes towards the scene. This can be done by being in the vicinity of the accident but also fetching full precautions of own self. To do this, I would need to read the instruction of the guide book.Action items - yell the hazardous material team trained in my plant which all necessary equipments. In the mean duration, regard into the emergency guide and follow the instructions for foiling any damage. Take care that dripping liquid does non flow over to wet ground or does not do it in contact with water. To prevent this, guide book can be used.Constraints - I cannot go closer to the scene myself to analyze further. away from taking immediate precautions with the help of the book, have to wait for the team to come and take control. Since water is sprinkle at some distance, it can still reach if the wind fluctuat es.Next responders who come to the scene. - For the next responders who come to the scene, I would explain the entire scene to them with the conclusion I derived so that they do not again waste time deciding what it could be. Then I would ask them to further suggest what can be done to prevent any mishap. This is required as the team will take some time to reach from 15 milesThe minor error and name of chemical. - The minor error that can be observed in the explanation is that the color of the liquid should not be red-yellow. It should be anything between colorless to yellow. Considering all the specifications given, this liquid is Thionyl chloride which is an inorganic compound with the formula SOCl2. The NFPA diamond for Thionyl chloride is with a 0 at 12 oclock a 2 at 3 oclock a 4 at 9 oclock and a slashed W at 6 oclock that is same as mentioned in the

An Assessment of the Vulnerabilities of the iPhone Dissertation

An Assessment of the Vulnerabilities of the iPhone - Dissertation ExampleThe instant access that hackers spend a penny to the latest tools and techniques demands that companies become more aggressive in defending the security of their networks. Conducting a network photo judging, a self-induced hack attack, identifies the network components and faults in policies, and procedures that expose a company to the damage caused by malicious network intruders (Peltier et al. 2003, para. 1).The various steps involved are the Classify the Information system.Choose Security measures. set safety measures Evaluate Security measuresEmpower Information Systems.Scrutinize Security measuresA pic assessment provides follow up documentation, reports and additional consulting whenever required after the assessment process (Penetration Testing Procedures & Methodologies 2011).Vulnerability is a characteristic or feature of a constituent that can be broken by an distant or inside agent like a hacking agent or a malware attack to detect a safety policy or cause a harmful consequence on the software product of the iphone.The Working of the Vulnerability ToolsPerforming photograph assessment is the only one step in create a vulnerability management framework, but it is a very important step, you can perform vulnerability assessment internally or externally (Manzuik et al. 2007, p. 4). ... The vulnerability assessment process involves hands-off and active synopsis of the target systems for the know weakness, technical flaws or vulnerabilities. All of the discovered security issues will be service the next step is to test for the known vulnerabilities that might exist on a host or network. (Rodstein 2007, p. 251). Vulnerability review tools merge both passive and active scanning the passive scan is fatigued to determine the vulnerabilities that the objective is a good number likely to contain, and the active scanning is used to back up that those vulnerabilities are, in fact, both there in the current situation and uncovered as well as utilizable. influential that vulnerabilities are utilizable increase the accurateness of the evaluation device by eradicating the artificial positives, i.e., the occasion in which the scanner detect a prototype or characteristic investigative of a probable vulnerability that which, on analysis, ramp up to be either (1) absent (2) not uncovered, or (3) not utilizable. It is the grouping of passive and active scanning, jointly with amplified computerization that has provided programmed penetration trying suite more extensively helpful in vulnerability evaluation. As no commonly agreed rule exists for worm and virus naming, W32.Blaster.A (Symantec) is also known as W32/Lovesan.worm.a (McAfee), Win32.Poza.A (CA), Lovesan (F-Secure), WORM_MSBLAST.A (Trend), W32/Blaster-A (Sophos), W32/Blaster (Panda)or Worm.Win32.Lovesan (KAV). Besides the A version of Blaster, many more variants were developed based on the same exploit code ( Julisch & Kruegel 2005, p. 106). According to the researchers who are responsible for the security, very recently have establish that they have established the primary usable

The Cold War Doctrines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Cold War Doctrines - Essay ExampleIt was caused by political and economic differences between the United States and the USSR (Posen 98). President Harry S. Truman reigned in the United States during the cold war. He face a lot of internal challenges during the cold war. The United States faced severe shortages in housing and consumer products, galore(postnominal) strikes and widespread dissatisfaction with the level of inflation. Turman used certain tactics to dominate the United States during the cold war. He sign the National Security Act 1947 as part of the world war strategy. He also reorganise armed forces by merging the state of war and the department of the navy into the National Military Establishment. He also created the United States Air Force, CIA and the National Security Council (Bostdorff 28). He used administrative commands to stop pagan prejudice in the military forces. He dismissed a bunch of communists supporters from office by the existence of loyalty che cks. He bitterly fought the republican leaders on foreign policy. Through his belief against communism, he protected Turkey, Greece and Iran by making a mollificationful solution, not sending United States troops to war, and stripe of soviet penetration. He came up with the Fair Deal program which entangled anti-union Taft-Hartley Act and vigorous gracious rights program (Bostdorff 14). He also do a commitment to recognize the institution of the state of Israel. This was made to sustain the formation of a motherland for the Jewish people. Turmans presidency was extremely active in foreign policy, which was containment of Soviet expansion as the cold war unfolded. It is necessary to note that Turman authorized the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs which killed thousands of people in Japan. He used nuclear weapons against Japan as the Japanese government refused the equipment casualty of Potsdam Declaration (Bostdorff 160). This made the Japanese surrender on the 14th of Augu st 1945. The atomic bomb word-painting was revisited in the cold war and was recognized to have rendered convectional forces largely irrelevant to the modern battlefield. Corruption was a key issue in Turmans government which runs through individual members of the cabinet and the senior snow-clad house staff. He relied distinctly on his cabinet and popularized such phrases as The buck stops hither. Turman initiated the Berlin Airlift. This was a strategy that delivered meals and other supplies using military airplanes to people. Turman also used the strategy of rapid demobilization, which involved sending the veterans home. This policy was primarily financial since it involved funding domestic spending requirements. President Eisenhower was the cardinal fourth president of the United States. His presidency was dominated by the cold war which begun during Turmans reign. He was popular for ending the Korean War and presiding over eight years of peace. He signed peace treaties with South Korea and the republic of China. He expanded the National Security Council which was initiated by president Turman. He was the offshoot president to conduct televised press conferences. Just like Turman he was an anti-communist, and through this, he developed a marketing and armed coalition with the Spain through the Pact of Madrid. Signing the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization alliance, was another(prenominal) strategy to prevent communism. He accepted the principle of containment which sought

Discussion questions and participation questions...will load the rest Essay

Discussion questions and participation questions...will load the rest of participation questions - Essay instanceThe only risk that existed is associated with the value of the investment. Corporation arsehole also issue commercial paper in the form of bonds to raise capital as well. Bonds argon sold in lots of $1000 brass value bonds that pay a predetermined coupon or interest rate.All corporations that are publicly traded in the United States is obligated to comply with the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) was created in order to protect investors and create greater accountability in order to raise investor confidence in the reliability of the financial markets. A planning that affected the way accounting firm perform melodic line with companies is the prohibition of accounting doing both the audits and separate types of business contracts with the same firm. Now the accounting audits are performed by independent auditors. A company can become delisted it fails to comply with the Sarbanes Oxley violation. For example a company that is caught cooking up the numbers could face toilsome penalties from the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC).Trademarks can add a lot of value to the corporation if they are properly marketed. The legal protection the trademark provides ensures that other(a) firm cannot imitate their trademark names and other types of intellectual property. If another company or individual violates the trademark of a company the firm that is breach can sue the person or corporation responsible for the trademark violation. Two companies that have been adequate to(p) to penetrate global marketplaces due to its trademark property are McDonalds and Starbucks Caf.It takes on the average 16 years and $800 million dollars to develop a new drug. Due to the high cost of developing prescription(prenominal) drugs is the reason why so many drugs are so expensive. Patents provide social justice to business for their investment. A pat ent creates a temporary monopoly for the holder of the patent. Companies can charge whatever price they revel during the protected period due to the fact

Conscious Obedience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conscious Obedience - Essay manikinIn a very general sense, everyone accompanys out of their own self-interest. However, this places the fear of penalty on an match plane with the promise of a reward and does not shed a good deal light on the cardinal reasons. The question that needs to be answered is what self-interest are we fulfilling when we obey Kelman and Hamilton argue that respectfulness comes from one of trey rationalizations. Compliance for self-interest, acknowledgment of dictum, or ethical concerns (Tyler 1090). A person may comply with the request to swear out overtime at no pay in hopes of look atting a promotion. In their identification of authority model, a person may act a come onst their better judgment if the boss points them to quest an illegal action. slew also fix the capacity to exercise free will and act according to their own prize system.Psychological theorists can help explain obedience by examining the motivation behind the reward we perpl ex for compliance. Maslow would describe the humanist viewpoint as obeying to gain respect and recognition from authority. Skinner would see obedience as a natural conditioned reaction to doing what we are told. Bronfenbrenner describes a myriad of authorities that we obey on an individual or group level. The echological argument holds that patriotism is obedience to nationalism. Obedience can take many forms and the authority may be abstract.Young children may obey their parents because they understand it is the right subject to do and is an ethical decision. It may be self-interest, as they will obey them to avoid their parents punishment, or to gain a reward. However, a childs inner logic may not be apparent through their actions alone. Children who have been abused, neglected, or feel abandoned may withdraw and suffer from defeatism (Singer, Dornenbal, and Okma, 601). They will display obedience though it may not be for the self-interest that it appears. In a study of children by Singer, Dornenbal, and Okma, the researchers found significantly more sustain children offered little or no resistance to parental authority than their birthchildren counterparts (596). Birthchildren had a much higher incidence of offering fierce resistance in a disciplinary conflict than shelter children (596). In the case of the foster children, the researchers noted that, Their main goal is unilateral-self-saving ... Their main interests are fear of punishment and a feeling of powerlessness (601). The birthchildren that were offering intense rebellion were said to have, ... unilateral coercive goals to get their own way (594). The birthchildren were acting in self-interest to exploit the parental authoritys lack of resolve, while the foster children were obeying for self-preservation.As children grow into adulthood, they will for the most part become more aware of the need for obedience. The approach of punishment by law enforcement will generally get most people to abide by acceptable customs. The need for a steady paycheck will insure that they will put their feelings aside when taken advantage of in the workplace. They may rationalize to themselves, and others, that they are being obedient in order to live up to a moral or ethical standard. Adults may allow

Poes psychosomatic Turmoil Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poes psychosomatic Turmoil - Research Paper ExampleLongings for the affection and love of the ne arest and passion ones were further deteriorated by the animosity of his step-father. In fact, the stepfather soon turns the inferiority- analyzable in Oedipal Complex. Along with these traumas, Allan Poe has experienced nightmares throughout his full life. Instead of being afraid he soon learnt to apply the nightmarish effect in his writings, as in his book, Edgar Allan Poe, Vincent Buranelli says He took to inspecting with meticulous exactitude his psychological states when he hovered between sleep and wakefulness, found his drumhead occupied with shadows of ideas rather Psychical than intellectual, and learned to some degree to control them. In a garner to Mr. Allan (April, 1833) Poe writes about loveless dumb world where he was suffering from isolation and destitution Without friends, without any means, consequently, of obtaining employment, I am perishing absolutely perishing f or want of aid For Gods sake, pity me and save me from destruction (ONeill 7). patently Poes longings for the camaraderie and compassion of the near relatives, together with his stepfather-induce Oedipal-complex greatly help Poe to perceive the revengefulness of the inferior and to offer up the horrible revenge character like Montressor in the caskful of Amontillado. Though the Cask of Amontillado dominantly echoes the report of revenge, the ruptured psychological evidences such as inferiority-complex and Oedipal complex, that Allan himself has been familiar with during his lifetime behind Montressors revenge. ... Though the Cask of Amontillado dominantly echoes the news report of revenge, the ruptured psychological evidences such as inferiority-complex and Oedipal complex, that Allan himself has been familiar with during his lifetime behind Montressors revenge. Indeed these ruptured psychological complexes are evident in almost all of Poes characters. If his real life inferior ity complex and oedipal complex exhibit through the convulsive personality disorders like alcoholism and murderous intension in the Cask of Amontillado, the Black Cat, The Premature Burial, The Tell-tale Heart etc, the losses of his loved ones and the existential void induced by these losses are vividly emergent through the necrophilic fantasies in works such as Ligeia and The Raven. But the same existential cavity in Poes life has helped him to create a bleak world void of love and haunted by the fear of death, revenge, injustice and a world where heap are affected with hyperesthesia, hypochondria, love-sickness, hypersensitivity to humiliation, abnormally revengefulness, etc. Such bleak world is evident in the cliff of the House of Usher. The loss of Poes mother when he was at three years old, the absence seizure of a father, the death of his consumptive wife who soon died, the antagonistic relationship with Mr. John Allan, frustration in love and the subsequent indulgence into gambling and alcoholism etc curb influenced his writings in a figure of speech of complicated ways. Though specific evidences in any specific piece of work can tell referenced to a traumatic event, experience or object, the traumatic events and experiences in Poes life have some effects on the themes

The myth of original of Islam and how the I slam presented and use Research Paper

The myth of original of Islam and how the I slam presented and use example from saintly Quran and comparing it with the first news report of creation in Genesis in the book of account - query Paper Examplereement in claiming that Adam was originally formed from the mud, that transforming a bunch of mud into an alive(p) being is performed by theology, that the formation of Adam took place before the formation of his companion Eva and that she was formed from the ribs of Adams (Von rad 1973). But the Quran recounted that Eva was formed from the body of Adam only not identifying if it was from his ribs. It was recounted in the Bible that God gave Adam the breath of life, whereas in the Quran it is narrated that God gave Adam a heavenly weird breath (Barto 2009, 88). This essay thus compares the Biblical and Quranic account of the Creation and the Fall of Man.The Bible begins with the beginning of time, the Creation. It is a complicated narrative that dominates the first chapter of the first book of the Bible, fittingly referred to as Genesis, and expands into the later chapter, where the story progresses and trails the story of our first parents, Adam and Eve. According to Katheer and Kamal-ad-Din (2001), obviously, the Christians read a similar Bible even if they referred to it as the one-time(a) Testament, and they usually understand it in a different way from its Jewish authors. However, the Muslimsthe third group of Monotheists put up their own distinct rendition of such prehistoric episodes in a matching Scripture, the Quran, which they similarly worship as the Word of God.The description of the Quran of the absolute beginning of time, even though the same with that of the Bible in several points and meaning, both stipulate a supreme creation from naught, for instance, and on the Grand causalitys crafting of humankind, is not specified in the continuous storyline of Genesis. The Quran is an anthology of Gods revelations to Muhammad all over the fi nal two decades of his existence (Sawma 2006). They are partitioned into 114 Surahs, but several of these Suras in all likelihood contain multiple revelations. The Quran, therefore, is a compilation of

Thomson air Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Thomson air - Essay ExampleIn addition, devil core competitors of Thomson recorded a 17 percent figure of passengers that travelled within Europe.Currently, Thomson administers charges for all the bags that their bail team checks. This charge applies for bags that weigh not more than 23 kilograms. Besides, Thomson service possess convenient operate such as onboard drink and food menu. It services entail online shopping and eatery. These are coupled with panegyric blankets and pillows for extra comfort in the seats. Additionally, Thomson services entail provision of chocolate and champagne programs. In name of planes, the airline employs wide body fleet planes. Their flights involve the use of long-haul schedules to limited destinations. The flights extend up to watt of Faro and east of Athens.The company possesses plans to move away from this low market share. To begin with, it possesses a plan to steal the charge of the first bag as long as it weighs less than twenty three ki lograms. This give accord the airline an edge over its competitors since the rivals, Easyjet and Ryanair, charge a fee above the current prize of Thomson. In addition, the company seeks to attract a larger customer base by using e-ticket publicize and airport printed tickets. This will require the use of software engineers in integrating the system with other operations of Thomson. Furthermore, the company has a dodging of expanding its customer base by opening up more destinations. This strategy will be directed towards popular destinations in France, Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland.The product concept rides on the idea that consumers would admit a preference towards quality products. In this perspective, it would be vital to examine how Thomson Company will assay to manipulate the quality of its products. The company has made strategies to cut down on its value addition services such as

Juvenile Recidivism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

jejune Recidivism - Essay ExampleThe designing of effective assessment strategies leading to interventions with the young offenders are no doubt, preponderantly dependant on the identification of causal factors that constitute the basis of a realistic prediction (Savitz et al., 1962). Adolescence is a phase of life when the young people are more prone to engaging in asocial behavior. Practice of antisocial behavior during adolescence is the single most important factor in the prediction of felon behavior in the adulthood. A plethora of research carried on till now has suggested that almost a half or more of teenaged offenders continue with the criminal behavior beyond their teens.Juvenile recidivism is a serious problem in the United States. On an annual basis, roughly 2.4 million juveniles are charged with criminal offences every year (Wilson, 2011 Online). As per some conservative estimates, roughly 55 percent or more of juvenile offenders who are released get rearrested within a year (Wilson, 2011 Online). In case of urban areas, the rate of juvenile recidivism is estimated to be as high as 76 percent (Wilson, 2011 Online). At a national level, it is utterly difficult to acquire the accurate recidivism rates. This is because in the US, the recidivism rates in case of juvenile offenders are assessed at a state or county level (Wilson, 2011 Online). Hence, the statistics specific to the particular states is in a way a realistic indicator of the levels of juvenile recidivism. In the year 2005, the rate of juvenile recidivism in the State of Washington, in case of boys stood at 77 percent and in the case of girls it stood at 72 percent (Wilson, 2011 Online). In the State of California, the percentage of juvenile delinquents who got rearrested within a year was 74 (Wilson, 2011 Online). In Manhattan, the rate of juvenile recidivism rested at roughly 80 percent (Wilson, 2011 Online). Many

Technology review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Technology review - Essay ExampleTurnitin.com turnitin.com is an effective buc cigaretteeering fancyer which means its work is to verify and check for any plagiarism that prevails in the paper. It is a really reliable website for instructors which aim to compare the work submitted to the teachers with works on the web in order to check the reliability and uniqueness of the work. It is easily available and online communities can be made through with(predicate) which the instructor can evaluate and entry the work.K5 accomplishment.com k5 learning again is an interactive platform for young learners who seek to develop their skills through fun. K5 is a website which accesses young learners and enhance their abilities. Online tests are taken, assessments are done and help is provided to those who need reinforcement so that an effective learning mechanism is generated.Freevideolectures.com it is an online resource for many learners out there who can easily access online the lectures o f reputable teachers regarding various topic of study. This site enables learners to gain knowledge regarding various subjects having lectures of almost 30 skilful universities. This websites offers a vast range of courses and lectures which students aid from to develop better understanding in a contented and cost effective manner.Tutorphil.com is an online site to overcome the workload and ease down the frustration level among students. It provides learning methodologies and gives advices and tips to overcome the problems while structuring an essay. It is an interactive site which helps to device proper essays with ease and convenience.At this point I would like to choose my leash sites which according to me are the most reliable to generate effective learning. My three sites which I will focus on in my essay are lore.com, turnitin.com and freevideolectures.com. If these three sites are integrate then a very convenient mechanism can be generated which will aid in learning.The r eason why I think

Week 8 - Observation Journal Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 8 - Observation Journal - Personal Statement ExampleShe as well taught the basic language structure and helped us to develop information and writing skills through effective reading and creative writing techniques.There was an Asian student, Theresa, whose basics regarding the English language were very weak. Ms Holly make sure to execution on her and develop her skills in all forms of communication, oral as well as written. Theresa was very shy and an introvert. She never socialized with the rest of the class students and sat at the back of the class. Ms Holly made sure to help her in this aspect as well by encouraging crowd conversations.Ms Holly provided us with diverse scenario-based, definite and highly organized setting for dialogue and conversation on various topics. This enabled us to enhance our language skills by learning basic mechanics such as spelling, grammar and punctuation as well as learning clarity which includes correct sentence structure, ideas and parag raph writing.Ms Holly not only made sure that we students had the basics of English right but she further meliorate the oral communication by teaching us the techniques and methodologies of oral presentation. She trained us and then we were indispensable to give short as well as long oral presentations which highly enhanced our speaking, sense of hearing and presentation skills. In addition to this, Ms Holly worked on our vocabulary as just knowing a language is not enough it is necessary to speak it well and fluently. Students were taught new words, synonyms and replacements and alternatives of different words which importantly increased their English vocabulary. This of course also expanded their academic skills that are required by various careers and jobs around the world.Also, Ms Holly took care of the various cultures and countries each student was from and tried to mingle us. She gave us projects and work that had to be done in groups and each group had students from diffe rent backgrounds. This ensured

Natural monopoly Essay Example for Free

born(p) monopoly EssayThis traverse studies what argon the various sources of monopoly and real animation examples for each source. It analyses how each of these businesses grew into a monopoly and substantiates the psychoanalysis with actual facts figures (wherever available). Methodology of study The subject has been divided into sub-topics based on the source out of which the monopoly arises. The report begins with the introductory analysis of the monopoly functioning. Each source has then been studied with reference to one real life example followed by the conclusion. What defines a Monopoly Its CharacteristicsProfit Maximizer, Price Maker, High Barriers to Entry, Single seller, Price Discrimination study sources of monopolies 1. Ownership of strategic resources A monopoly is likely to arise if a firm has complete bear all over a key input or resource used in production. Famous example is ball field trade monopoly firm De Beers. 2. Government regulations A governm ent- assignmented monopoly (also called a de jure monopoly) is a form of coercive monopoly by which a government grants exclusive privilege to a private individual or company to be the mend provider of a commodity.Potential competitors be excluded from the mart by law, regulation, or new(prenominal) mechanisms of government enforcement. 3. unpatterneds Patents grant the inventor the exclusive right to produce a product for 20 historic period (new introductionwide observable period open with a 1995 GATT agreement). By granting the right to produce a new product without veneration of competition, patents provide incentive for companies or individuals to continue developing innovative new products or services. For example pharmaceutic companies spend large sums on research and development and patents atomic number 18 essential to earning a profit.4. Natural monopoly A natural monopoly is a company that experiences increasing returns to scale over the relevant site of output and comparatively high fixed costs. A natural monopoly occurs where the average cost of production declines finishedout the relevant range of product demand. When this situation occurs, it is always cheaper for one large company to add on the market than multiple smaller companies. An early market entrant that takes advantage of the cost structure and provoke expand rapidly can exclude smaller companies from entering and can drive or buy out other companies.Monopoly through ownership of key resource De Beers Diamonds are one of the worlds, and specifically Africas, major natural resources. An estimated US$13 billion worth of rough diamonds are produced per twelvemonth, of which approximately US$8. 5 billion are from Africa (approximately 65%). Global diamond jewellery gross revenue continue to grow, increasing three-fold in the past 25 years, and are currently worth in excess of US$72 billion every year. Chronology over which DeBeers has get under ones skin one of the worlds most formerful monopolies1.Ownership of all South African diamond mines Smaller groups needing common infrastructure form diggers committees and small claim holders wanting to a greater extent land melt into large claimholders to form larger ones. In no time, it could establish De Beers consolidated mines. 2. Supply and Demand control The Diamond Trading Company has been formed. The mantra is Create a scarcity of diamonds and high footings will follow. And while other commodities corroborate seen set fluctuations over the years, diamonds hurts have climbed since the Great Depression mostly.Demand has also been consistently untroubled over the years irrespective of economic scenario. pic pic 3. Business model De Beers and its Central Selling Organization established exclusive contracts with suppliers and buyers, making it impossible to deal with diamonds outside of De Beers. The structure remained the same for much of the 20th one C A De Beers subsidiary would buy the diamon ds. De Beers would determine the amount of diamonds they wanted to sell, and at what expense, for the whole year.How the monopoly functions Sends invitations to 250 chosen clients to view the 10 annual sights client receives a small box uncut diamonds price of the box ($1-$25 million) client can only buy the whole box and he cannot resell it in a rough form. Thus, De Beers decides How many diamonds of each quality will be distri yeted in total. How this supply will be divided among the clients and the Price of diamonds. 5. The creation of Debswana A joint venture between the company and the nation of Botswana meant a significant shareholding claim in De Beers by the African country.6. Marketing campaigns Coined world famous marketing campaign, A diamond is forever 7. Antitrust laws of US and conflict with various governments During its initial years, it controlled over 90% of worlds diamond production but over time, it has lost its monopoly to various controversies and oppositions from countries with great stockpiles. pic Source CNN capital Report 8. Statistical graphs showing how De Beers fared over years in its sales, production and profitability pic Source De Beers assembly Website pic pic Source Rapaport Trade Report pic.Above graph indicates how competitors have dampened the monopoly of DeBeers over the years. Like ALROSA, De Beers needs to be assured of a sustainable level of demand for its goods. Monopoly through govt. have strategic resources Coal India trammel CIL is the worlds largest burn mining company two in terms of proven char reserves and coal production. It is entirely owned by the union government, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal. It is regard in coal mining and production and contributes around 81. 1 per cent of Indias coal production. It produced around 431.32 million hemorrhoid of raw coal in fiscal 2011. CIL currently operates eight subsidiaries, of which, seven are mixed in coal production while the eighth is Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI) which is involved in mine planning and other consultancy services related to mining. The seven coal-producing subsidiaries of CIL east Coalfields Ltd (ECL) ,Bharat Coking Coal Ltd (BCCL),Central Coalfields Ltd (CCL),Northern Coalfields Ltd (NCL),Western Coalfields Ltd (WCL),South Eastern Coalfields Ltd (SECL),Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd (MCL)pic Outlook on demand, supply, and imports of non-coking coal and cooking coal in India over the adjacent five yearsCRISIL Research expects the total demand for non-coking coal to grow at 10 per cent CAGR over the next 5 years (2012-13 to 2016-17). Production of non-coking coal is expected to rise only at a CAGR of 7 per cent from 2012-13 to 2016-17. Consequently, imports are set to increase to 196 million tonnes by 2016-17 from 83 million tonnes in 2011-12. process in steel production through the b travel furnace route and pig iron production are expected to increase coking coal demand , to 68 million tonnes in 2016-17 from 38 million tonnes in 2011-12 ascent at 12. 4 per cent CAGR over the next five years.On the other hand, coking coal production is expected to rise to 60 million tonnes in 2016-17 at a CAGR of only 6. 6 per cent. CIL further domestic coal prices in February 2011 Coal India Limited (CIL) has increased the prices of antithetical grades of coking and non-coking coal with effect from February 28, 2011. For the initiative time in its history, CIL adopted a differential pricing approach by increasing the prices of coal for industrial end-use sectors such as steel, cement, paper, and aluminum, while effecting only a marginal increase in the prices of coal for deemed essential services such as power utility, fertilisers, and defense sectors.This differential pricing is intended to become the prices of coal consumed by non-priority sectors in line with the international coal prices. Cement and sponge iron players to be affected. The Economic Survey ha s said that Coal India Ltds (CIL) near monopolistic position has also led to supply bottlenecks. Calling for infusing competition in the domestic coal sector, out-of-pocket to the CILs dominance there have been delays in development of new coal fields and inadequate emphasis on cost reductions at operational levels. picFederation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) said the Government should take go to end the monopoly of Coal India and allow private players in coal mining. As regards coal, today our imports are 15 per cent. By the end of the 12th plan, imports are going to be 28 per cent, he said, adding currently power plants with 22,000 MW capacities are suffering due to lack of availability of coal. What can be done to reduce monopoly of CIL India 1. The cranny between demand for coal and domestic availability is widening at a faster pace. on that point is perhaps need to introduce competition in this sector India must bring in more private miners to develop coal reserves which majority state-owned Coal India Ltd has left untapped.. It will push up the cost of power generation and the resultant pressure on the regulated tariffs in the power sector. Therefore, both the factors should be considered. 2. Coal pricing is also a major issue. It has to be transparent, flexible and based on global norms. Monopoly through the Patent way In the highly competitive pharmaceuticals sector where development programmes last for years and have budgets ranging into six-figure sums, maintaining a monopoly position for an important do medicates is key to commercial success. Only by securing a monopoly can a company justify the very significant investment of time and sustenance into the pre-clinical and clinical development necessary to support the stringent requirements for grant of a marketing authorization. The mechanisms for achieving this embroil Patent protection Supplementary protection certificate Data exclusivity Orphan drug status.The Eu ropean framework for pharmaceutical regulation and authorization attempts to protect the investment of companies in their innovations by providing periods of so-called data exclusivity. The Food and medicine Administration can also protect the companys exclusive access to the market, independent of the patents. such(prenominal) exclusivity prevents FDA approval for a competing drug for up to seven years, depending on the type of drug. In addition to the market exclusivity and patents, drug companies already receive incentives to develop so-called orphan drugs used to treat rare diseases.These incentives include FDA research grants, tax credits for up to 50 percent of the cost of clinical research and a waiver of FDA fees. Fewer drug companies competing in a therapeutic break up leads to fewer prescription drugs being developed within that class and allows the companies to use their patents and market exclusivity to further increase prices. Effect on price of the Drug before and a fter Patent expiry The following(a) graph shows the effect on price of the drug when the patent gets expired and more and more generic manufacturers enter into the marketplace.Initially the price of the drug is very high but as patent gets expired and more manufacturers comes in the price of the drug fallspic Effect on revenues earned by company before and after patent expiry The following graph depicts the effect of the revenues due to patent. Initially the revenues earned are in negative because of huge initial investment that is required for the launch. The next few years the revenues earned increases every year till the year when the patent gets expired and more players enter into the market and the revenue earned by the company goes down. pic.The side of Zyprexa Zyprexa (olanzapine), an antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is an atypical antipsychotic medication by Eli Lilly. The patent of which got expired in October 2011, generated more tha n 20 percent of the companys total revenue in the year-ago quarter. With new generics now competing in the market, revenue from the drug slid 44 percent to $749. 6 million from $1. 34 billion pic The case of Ambien (Zolpidem by Sanofi aventis) The first drug to compete with Ambien was Sonata (active ingredient Zaleplon) introduced to market in 1999, but did little to compete with Ambien.In fact, it did not even make the list of top 200 exchange drugs from 2003-2007. By that time Ambien had already captured most of the United States insomnia market. Ambien and Sonata held the market until 2005 when Lunesta (active ingredient eszopiclone) was approved. Lunestas popularity steadily grew and sales remain around $900 million. All three drugs are structurally similar, and act on the same class of receptors. The sales of Ambien continued to stay strong until its patent expired in 2007. Shortly after, 13 generic drugs manufactures got approval to manufacture Zolpidem and the sales of Ambie nfell from about 2 billion to less than 1 billion. pic sum yearly sales of Ambien and Lunesta. A case of Natural Monopoly Indian railroad tracks At the centre, there is a center Minister of lines, under whom there are two Minister of State for Railways. At the national level, the Railway Board is responsible for formulation of policies and effective operation of railways. Operating ratio was 91. 1 percent in 2010-11, improved to 95. 0 percent in 2011-12. How it became a monopoly IR is a classic example of a public monopoly.Historically, this monopoly was a necessity since construction of railway infrastructure required large resources, investment involved long gestation periods and returns were uncertain. Capital Intensive venture, which can be understood from the fact that Indian railways has a separate budget each year 1. Economies of scale, as Indian railways operate all over India and thus have sufficient operating domain to achieve economies of scale which a new entrant ca nnot good replicate 2. Government rules and regulations Factors that enabled railways to engage in price disagreement using up part of consumer bare(a)1. The products or services of Indian railways are not resalable and thereby restricts its discount customers to become resellers and benefit from arbitrage. 2. It has monopoly and and then is able to dictate the pricing terms and conditions to a greater extent, in spite of being owned and regulated by Indian government. Degrees of price discrimination, the tools that express monopolists power and capacity of price making Second degree price discrimination Usually monopolist sets the block prices, under which prices are highest for first block of quantity bought and it is reduced for each successive purchase.Indian railways charge for every klick which is reduced as one travels longer and longer. Thus a train ticket for the Rajdhanis first AC between Bangalore to Delhi (Rs 4555) is lesser than the cost of two 1st AC tickets one f rom Bangalore to Nagpur (Rs 3245) and Nagpur to Delhi (Rs 2845). The cost differences are negligible if any for providing the same seat on the same train on same day. The price differences are much more than what can be explained by cost, hence this is a case of molybdenum degree price discrimination. Bangalore to Delhi Bangalore to Nagpur Nagpur to Delhi Rajdhani 1st AC fares 4555 3245 2845 .* Source www. irctc. co. in Third degree price discrimination Here, price usually varies by attributes such as location of purchase, customer segment etc. Indian railways heavily employs third degree of price discrimination as below Train Child (5-12 years) Citizen (12 60 years) Senior Citizen (M, F) Sampark Kranti 1873 3560 2548, 1873 Rajdhani 2330 4555 3220, 2330 Karnataka Express 1806 3427 2455, 1806 Discount Code Description Discount Percent SPORTN Sports National Level 50% STDNT Student Concession 50% TEACHR Teacher 25% TLSMIU Thalassemia Patient 50%. KIDNEU Kidney Patients 50% YTH2SR jobless Youth for Interview 100% * Source www. irctc. co. in Statistical data showing the indispensable monopoly of Indian railways pic picpic Conclusion Whilst we want to be in a perfect competition, sometimes it isnt possible due to multiple constraints. Sometimes, it is also useful especially when it comes to cost efficiency in terms of natural monopolies. And then there are cases of strangle holding system to exert monopoly like De Beers. All these play different roles under different situations.Going by the examples we discussed, there may not be complete monopoly due to inherent monopolys inefficiencies and a constant push to improve market equilibrium for the social welfare of the society. References 1. Unvieling the diamond industry 2011 report Bain and Company 2. www. diamondcouncil. org 3. http//www. businessinsider. com/history-of-de-beers-2011-12? op=1ixzz25KFAEdXk 4.Crisil Research Report Coal India Limited 5. Railway Budget Highlights 2011-2012, Govt. of India report. 6. www. irctc. co. in 7. Indian Pharmacy Society Report 8. Sanofi Aventis Annual Report.

Researching the marketing mix Essay Example for Free

Researching the cuckolding mix EssayIn this task, I am going to research the marketing mix and I am going to apply this toThe Marketing mix is a general devise used to describe the different kinds of choices organizations have to make in the whole process of bringing a harvest-home or service to market. The 4Ps is the best-k without delayn way of defining the marketing mix. The 4ps arProduct- what is sold?Place- where is the product is sold?Price-how much the product costs?Promotion- how a business communicates with its customersPlaceMcDonalds sell various food and imbibition products all over the world and testament need to use methods to pack their goods made uncommitted to consumers. McDonalds use a dispersion channel to get their products from the maker to the consumer. Here are the different distribution channels which exist.This is a direct channel between the producer and the consumer. They will deal together without intermediaries involved. This tolerate be beneficial for businesses because it allows a larger proportion of meshing and means they can have more control over the marketing of the product. The disadvantage is that the costs will be larger to distribute the products. Retailers such(prenominal) as farm shops and dell use this channel as they sell the products they make directly to the consumer.This is an mediate channel between customer and producer because of the use of a retailer as an intermediary. The producer will distribute their goods to retailers who will thence sell the products individually to consumers. Retailers are focused on consumer markets and offer customers advice, convenience, fiscal assistance and after-sales support. An example of a retailer which uses this channel would be Next. Next will receive their products from their producer and then sell them in store to the consumers.This is an indirect channel between the producer and consumer because a contact is an intermediary in this channel. The produc er will add the wholesaler with a large number of products and then will break the order into smaller quantities to supply to the consumer. The advantage of this is that the consumer can get the goods at a cheaper price because the transport costs are reduced due fewer journeys. The wholesaler makes its profit by buying the product at a cheaper price and adding a profit margin to the price paying by the retailer. Many small businesses such as cafes use this channel as they will get their products supplied by a wholesaler so they can supply the products to consumers.This is a longer indirect channel. at that place are two intermediaries in this channel which is a wholesaler and a retailer. The producer will supply large quantities to wholesalers who will then break the orders into smaller ones to send out to the retailer who will sell the product directly to the consumer. The retailer will make a profit by charging the consumers more capital per unit than what they paid the wholes aler. An example of a retailer which uses this channel is a newsagent. The producers will send batch orders to wholesalers. The newsagents will then buy the goods to sell in their store from the wholesaler and then sell the products to consumers in store.ProductMcDonalds sell luxuriant food and drink products all over the world. McDonalds will need to keep open to create customer interest and satisfy their needs by developing new products and releasing them into the market. For example, McDonalds late released their signature collection which was a new set of meals which created customer interest and demand. I will now apply the marketing mix to the McDonalds and using their most well-known McDonalds product which is the Big macintosh to learn how it is used.The Marketing Mix and the McDonalds Big MacProduct-The Big Mac McDonalds most well-known burger. The burger is a low budget product. A Big Mac contains to beef burger patties, cheese, salad and a three-part bun. A Big Mac contains around 490 calories. You can also buy a Big Mac meal which comes with a drink and fries. Meals come in long suit or large sizes. It is consequential that McDonalds have a product like the Big Mac because it gives them a good reputation and image which makes them a successful and well-known brand.Place-The nevertheless place a Big Mac can be purchased is at a McDonalds restaurant. McDonalds restaurants can be found all over the country, some open 24 hours. There are 1,208 McDonalds restaurants in the UK and 34,492 worldwide. The benefits of McDonalds selling the Big Mac only at their stores is that they get all the profit from the product, where if they sold their products at other places they would have less profit.Promotion-McDonalds advertise the Big Mac on T.V, radio, the internet and in magazines. McDonalds also offer promotions on the Big Mac such as giving forward a free Coca-Cola glass with Big Mac meals and offering the chance to win prizes with the Monopoly st ickers. Promotion is important for McDonalds because it gains them more sales which makes them more successful.Price-An individual Big Mac would cost 2.59 in the UK. A medium Big Mac meal 4.19 and 4.59 for a large. The Big Mac costs this much because it is a fast food budget product. It is important that McDonalds sell the Big Mac at the right price because if it is in any case high people wont buy the product and if its too low they wont make a profit. The price is successful because it is relatively cheap and McDonalds can make a profit out of it.

Death Represenataion in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems Essay Example for Free

Death Represenataion in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems EssayDeath Representation in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems Mohamed Fleih Hassan Instructor face Dept. / Abstract Death is one of the signifi mintt and recurrent basiss in the poetry of Sylvia Plath. This paper aims at masking the poets attitudes towards closing. Certain songs be selected to commemorate the poets different attitudes to termination dying as a rebirth or renewal, and remnant as an closing curtain. Most obvious factors shaped her attitudes towards dying were the early death of her father that leftfield her unsecured, and the unfaithfulness of her husband, Ted Hughes, who left her dejected and melancholic. Plaths Two views of a Cadaver Room, Sheep in Fog, A Birthday Present, Edge, and I Am Vertical are selected to outline her various perspectives towards death. Death Representation in Sylvia Plaths Selected Poems Generally speaking, death is represented in literature in various ways shifting from being an ominous affright force to a means of fulfillment and new beginnings. Death came to be a recurrent theme in Sylvia Plaths poetry due to the sudden death of her father. His death left the daughter with powerful feelings of defeat, resentment, mourning and remorse.So the absence of the father had influenced her emotional life negatively to the extent that it is reflected clearly in her metrical compositions. Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) passed in periods of depression and there were precursors of suicidal act through fits of breakd throw. Among the reasons for her early depression are the early death of her father that left her unsecured and her failure to attend a constitution class at Harvard. though she got a chair as a college guest-editor of the Mademoiselle, entirely she got mo nononous with nothing to fall back on in New York. She broke down with the unfulfillment of her dream of being a successful writer.Therefore, she took an over-dose of sleeping-pills to end her misery, however she was saved. 1 After successful psychiatric sessions of recovery, Plath met Ted Hughes at Cambridge and they got married in 1956. She found in him a motive and substitute for the absence of the father. Hughes believed in her exceptional gift. In that period, the couple got success and fame with their poetic development, peculiarly when they got children. Her songs had been published in Britain and America like, The Colossus 1960, which dealt with Plaths preoccupation with ideas of death and rebirth.Hughes love affair with another cleaning woman broke the he stratagem of Plath, who suffered the devastation of the broken marriage. Shifting into a new flat in London, she started writing poems of rage, despair, love and vengeance alone her poems were slowly accepted for publication. She suffered the traumatic breakdown and melancholia that she put her head in the oven in 11 April, 1963. 2 Death came to be a recurrent theme in the poetry of Sylvia Plath, and this theme has been represented in different ways in her poems.She did engage the reader either in a theatrical rolel or an impersonal way to view death either as a liberating force or troubling depressing adept. Her depiction of death is reflected by the use of such techniques as imagery, language, structure, and lumber. Her negative attitude towards death is caused by the early death of her father that left her dejected. In her poem Two views of a Cadaver Room (1959), she presents a pessimistic point of view towards death. This poem recounts an experience she had while dating a young Harvard medical student.She followed her boyfriend and some other medical students into an run room where the students were busily dissecting a preserved corpse. The speaker and her boyfriend are horrified by the experience, the narrator takeers both views of the cadaver room as alternate possibilities of depicting death in art the forcible view of death and the romantic view of death. One view is epitomiz ed by the cadaver room separate the romantic one of death, which is represented by a detail from a Brueghel painting depicting ii lovers, who are spell bounded by one another and careless(prenominal) to the destruction and devastation or so them. The poem is written in two parts. The first part creates a futile backdrop in which things are described in a dissecting room, which suggests a mood of despondency. She did so by the use of wastelandish illustration through comparing cadaver with burnt turkey The day she visited the dissecting room They had four men set(p) out, black as burnt turkey, Already half unstrung. (II. 1-3) The place dissecting room suggests mercilessness and dehumanization. The dead bodies are anatomized and bones are removed which suggest a horrible image.The poetess compares death with the dissector, in which it takes off the aliveness out of the consistence as did the doctor in dissecting the major constituents of bodies. Death here represents a tremend ous force that annihilates mans life. The dissecting room serves as the epitome of scientific space, which is to say deaths space. And this is the space not nevertheless of female witnessing and female passivity, she could scarcely make out anything/ In that rubble of skull plates and old lather, besides also of a bestowal from male to female, from male scientist to female poet.The process of dissecting the dead body indicates the savageness and carelessness of the surgeon, who cuts out the heart the symbol of mans life and feelings. The surgeon is associated with death in the sense that he extracts the heart of the body, He hands her the cut-out heart like a cracked heirloom. The simile presents a very useless pessimistic image for the heart. The heart is not only reduced to a non-functioning machine, but a man hands death to a woman. The heart is the dearest to man and is compared to the heirloom which contains the memory of the dead, but it is uprooted maliciously.Death came to be an unavoidable inheritance. 4 In many of her poems, what Plath perceives is a death- check which threatens to swallow her up unless she can reassert her living identity by fixing and thus immobilizing her enemy in a structured poetic image. Plath transforms death by assuming the role of a photo-journalist who observes the details in a way as to control the scene with the transforming power of language. She follows the technique of fusing various visual images in a meaningful way. Therefore, she transcends the literal immediacy of what she sees and creates order out of chaos. The second part paradoxes the first in present a couple who are ignorant of the horrors of death. Their ignorance of the shadow of death around them intensifies their tragic catastrophic end Two people only are blind to the carrion army He, afloat in the sea of her down in the mouth satin Skirts, sings in the direction Of her bare shoulder, while she bends, Fingering a leaflet of music, over him, Both of them deafen to the fiddle in the hands Of the deaths-head shadowing their song. (II. 13-19) Plath thinks that the second view was untenable.Confronting the literal physicality of death (as the narrator does in the first stanza), and ignoring that reality (as the lovers do in the Brueghel painting) have the appearance _or_ semblance hopelessly romantic and naive. The only way to relinquish the painful awareness of impending death is by relinquishing life itself. Plath attached suicide in her flat moving herself and her work into the domain of myth and psycho-mystical speculation. The second view of death is the bestowal of death that is interrupted by art. Paradoxically, this interruption of death by art is itself a mixed bag of death, a freezing of life.The poem surveys with an eye which is blind and an ear which is deaf. If the lovers blindness and deafness to deaths music permits them to flourish, then this flourishing is not for long. Paradoxically, the work of art saves from death by paralyzing or fixing the living in an absolute present, which is to say a perfected present, but without emerging This stalling of deaths triumph by art, this resistance of art to death, is itself a kind of death, since it reminds us that those lovers captured in arts absolute present can do nothing at all. righteous as there are two kinds of music here the deaths-heads and the lovers so art is not placed in any simple opposition to death. 6 There are two kinds of death on the one hand, death as process, as rebirth or renewal, as imaginary number and, on the other hand, death as end, as factuality. Plath rides into death in Sheep in Fog (1963) but death is no longer conceived as renewal. The objective in Sheep in Fog becomes the dark irrigate They threaten To let me through to a heaven Starless and fatherless, a dark water. (II. 13-15) The sense of radioactive decay is overpowering in this poem through thee description of the background of the poem.Each line and eac h stanza of the poem concerns the disappearance of something. hills step off into whiteness, Morning has been blackening and the starless heaven leave her dejected and wretched. 7 Sheep in Fog suggests that there is a radical sundering of poet and poetry, a death of the poet that is the life of the poetry, if only as that which is in mourning for the poet. The impersonality of Plaths later poetry is not arrived at through an ethical self-sacrifice of the poets empirical, autobiographical self in the interests of a universal validity, a kind of immortality or make against death.Rather, it is an impersonality in which there is a highly paradoxical and unstable relation between poet and poetry. 8 A Birthday Present (1962) is another dramatic monologue in which terror and death predominate. The persona longs to hit the hay the gift presented by his friend. The speaker, her friend, and the object talk to each other in the kitchen. She imagines that the present whitethorn be bones, a p earl button, and an ivory tusk. Each of these things has white colour and suggests the nature of the birthday present that she wants.The three white objectsbones, pearl, and ivory tuskall suggest death because they were once part of living organisms. The persona speaks of the veils around the present. In order to remove the concealing veil, which causes her anxiety and fear, the speaker demands an end to the screening off of death from view. She compares her life at the end of the poem to the arrival by mail of parts of her own corpse. At the end, the speaker demands as her birthday present not the previously mentioned symbols of death or the figure representing death, but death itself 9 If it were deathI would admire the deep gravity of it, its timeless eyes. I would know you were serious. There would be a nobility then, there would be a birthday. And the knife not carve, but enter Pure and clean as the cry of a baby, And the universe slide from my side. (II. 52-58) The poem drama tizes her birthday to be her death. The drama of A Birthday Present is frightening in its transformation of a domestic and happy occasion into a celebration of suicide. It captures the movement of the speakers mind as she throws herself into the sequence of steps that might lead her to kill herself.Plaths second perspective towards death is that it may be chosen by the individual himself as a means of self-destruction, rather than acting as a horrible exterminating force. The poetess aims to show the suffering and agony of the persona in selecting death as a means of liberation of the antipathetical humanity of the person. This perspective is reflected in Plaths Edge, which was written on 5 February 1963 and is thought to be Plaths belong poem. According to Seamus Heaney, one of the biographers of Plath, the poem was a suicide note, which is to say an entirely personal, autobiographical communication from a distressed melancholic woman.For this reason, the poem is limited by the literal death of the poet, a death that cannot religious service but be read back into the poem. 10 This death is a negativity that renews, and works in spite of appearance an economy of life. This is not just an imaginary death, but death as a figure for the humor itself, as a negativity that may be harnessed in the interests of life. This poem carries the reader not only to the very limit of life, but also to the limit of poetry. And yet, if in this poem the woman is perfected, it is through a death that takes the form of an aesthetic object, but in which the emphasis none the less falls very much on illusion.The speaker in this poem doesnt endure the twisting of his life and feels that his misery is over The illusion of a Greek necessity Flows in the scrolls of her toga Her bare Feet seem to be saying We have come so far, it is over. (II. 4-8) The bare feet symbolize the lack of protection and immunity. The tone looks submissive but it indicates the willingness to accept dea th as an outlet and escape of the aggressive world. The persona feels estrange in the world around him. No one cares for the personas death even the moon, The moon has nothing to be sad about/ Staring from her hood of bone. Therefore, she starts looking for something beyond death, which is the longing for perfection. Usually roses symbolize purity, so she compares her folding of the dead bodies of children as petals of a rose close. Therefore she thinks that through death, she will have a new beginning. 11 Death as a means of rebirth is reflected in Plaths I Am Vertical. She sets images taken from nature as a background of her poem. This use of nature as a setting for her poem shows death not as a horrible monstrous thing. She presented two fruitful effervescent images of nature and then she negates her alikeness to themI am not a tree with my root in the spoil Sucking up minerals and motherly love So that each March I may gleam into leaf, Nor am I the beauty of a garden bed Attra cting my share of Ahs and spectacularly painted, ignorantness I must soon unpetal. (II. 2-7) The persona feels rejection of the surroundings when the trees and flowers have been strewing their cool odours. I base on balls among them, but none of them are noticing. This represents the negligence of society and the social restraints that the individual feels. each March I may gleam into leaf suggests the continuity of life and regeneration.She is longing to be united with nature via death the nature that symbolizes serenity and tranquility, Then the leaf and I are in open conversation. The word sky gives death the sense of spirituality and elevation. The speaker is not satisfied in her life and she accepts death as a means for recognition And I shall be useful when I lie down in conclusion Then the trees may touch me for once, and the flowers have time for me. (II. 19-20) Plaths life is ended in a world of death and despondency from which there is no rebirth or transformation.

Ethical Dilemma Faced in Combat Essay Example for Free

ethical Dilemma Faced in Combat EssayWhen two primary determine atomic number 18 conflicting on that point should be a good moral philosophy code to serve as an arbiter. Ethical dilemma is therefore said to educate when there ar two primary take to bes conflicting in an individual for example a solider is supposed to be with his family but at the same time he is required to cheer the judicature from enemies and enforce laws. During work he must choose between killing the resistance to protect the republic or conduct mercy on the enemy at the expense of affirm security. The solider now is having a series of conflicting principles should he be at home with his family or not, if he is on responsibleness should he attack and kill the enemy or should he leave his nation to be conquered? Ethical dilemma is therefore defined as the conflict between two important ethical ranks or perspectives, for example conflict between ones professional values and personal values, or it whitethorn be the conflict between the values held by different batch (Cohen 2007).Ethical dilemma involving two people with different perspectives is typical between a set up and a patient of where the patient feels he is having the estimable not to take medication but the doctor feels that professionally he is entitled to pr regulart his patient from qualification this decision that may harm his life. For the US combats it is the professional value conflicting the personal value for example should they kill or not and if so what are the possible consequences.Further on the soldiers are supposed to be with their families but they cannot because they are somewhere in Iraq, Sudan, Israel and other parts of the world keeping peace or protecting the state from possible enemies like the alqueda terrorist group. Combats are the soldiers personnel that are trained by the US army defense section to provide both physical and ideologic services needed to fight any enemy of the st ate.With continued increase in global risk these combats are trained to deal with the enemy in the most brutal way possible even if it means killing the enemy. This kind of training makes the solders to develop poor ethical relations with other people more so anybody thought to be an enemy of the federal political science will not be treated with any dignity by the combats. These people are perpetually so prone to great violations of gentleman bioethical values because many a times they are killed mercilessly in cold blood.The US phalanx ethics and standards of conduct, gives guidelines to soldiery personnel including the combats on the codes of conduct and military ethics to be followed to the letter by any personnel. Violation of the US punitive military provision by any personnel may result to the prosecution of the offender under The Uniform Cord of Military justice. The US combats in concert with other service groups are supposed to direct their service and support to en gage the USs enemy in fight and offer state security at all costs.They are always organized to operate as a single unit under a one commandant who is entitled to give orders on how to combat the enemy as swell as how to protect the state at the same time. Within this unit there are the military doctors who are responsible for the hurt or sick combats but in spite of appearance the military aesculapian ethics. The ethical values to be upheld by the combats are honesty, integrity, accountability, fairness, loyalty, respect, caring and promise keeping to the state fellow traveller combats and the citizens.This applies to all the combats from the commander to juniors including the military medical checkup officer. However studies have revealed that Mixed Agency and conflicting loyalty is as common in combats as it is in civilians with malicious combats justifying their acts to protection of the state leaving the straight for contendd ones in ethical dilemmas since they have to b e loyal to the state, they have to kill (Beam 2005). The ethical dilemmas facing the combats include conflict in military ethics and health ethics, bioethics, human psychological ethics as well as military medical ethics.Therefore the combats are left in huge dilemmas on how to address each specific value with respect to their professional ethics that is the military ethics. One of the commanders in Iraq was reported to have accepted that very in the battlefield they were at dilemma not with the bioethical value of the enemy or the civilians but to a fault amongst the combats themselves. He said that it is actually it was not a simple matter to kill or to be killed, however the soldiers have to think about their fellow soldiers, their country and the reason why they have gone(p) for war.If the leave the enemy to kill their fellow soldiers because they sympathize with the enemy, the soldiers are considered compromising the military ethics. If they kill the enemy they are considered war criminals before the law concerned with international human rights. The soldier are therefore expected to protect the fires of their fellow soldier and their nation but without compromising the interest of the civilians in war torn nations or the interest of the war lords they fight with for example the taliban group in Iraq.However those touch the pinch of the dilemma here are the commanders, they have to put soldiers to battle knowing very well that deaths will occur but there is nothing they can do because they will do everything within their powers to save the lives of the soldiers the can not accomplish the mission. Continued war all over the world sees the combats be sent to various destinations this has by far added greater dimensions to the combats ethical dilemmas. With increased injuries and deaths the soldiers do not know where to start and end because the dilemma now is actually seen in their lives versus the profession.The US military ethics does not offer any guideline on whether to withhold treatment from soldiers with severe mentality injuries or not, the military doctors are the in turn faced with a very complicated clean and ethical dilemma. Here the doctor must choose between treating the worst and disturbing wounds he has ever seen or to let his fellow soldier to die in the battlefields like Iraq. In these situations the military doctor are obsessed with keeping the wounded soldiers alive even if the wound is so serious something they would not have done in US.The military ethics back in US calls for immediate terminal figure of life in such cases or an amputation if any of the limbs is involved, but in the war tone Iraq the military doctors are doing exactly the opposite of what is expected of them. Recently heated debates were witnessed across the states to discuss the position of women in US combat many people were against the view that females should be part of the team while others were accompaniment it by citing the great roles played by German women to fight the Nazi wars in the post war Germany.However the main ethical dilemma facing the women is to choose between going to war to protect their nation from enemies or to remain at home to care for the family. But if they go to war will they be safe in regard to their male counter pats in issues regarding sexual harassments and equality. To avoid these dilemmas there should be a well-defined ethics code to guard everybody getting involved with the soldiers for example there should be a specific line to differentiate military ethics and Bioethics or military ethics and medical ethics.The soldiers should adopt military role specific ethic which only favor military interest exclusively and the medical ethics should too be exclusive to patients. No mixing up sureness should occur in the different values. When it comes to killing for example its a military ethics that a soldier whom is expected to be injured to recover should be shot dead, a soldier who betrays the federal government should also face the same but what of bioethics, is really right to kill?The soldiers should therefore be sharp-sighted not to act inhumanly, they should learn to be flexible in their actions not to be influenced by fellow soldiers or even the state but should consider the values of the people they meet in war. The combats should also develop the skills of listening and learning from the mistakes made in the past by them or colleagues to avoid making any further errors. They should also learn to make their own decisions regardless of the unexpected situations they encounter in the battlefields and act accordingly with regard to military ethics and other moral ethics.

Metaphysics - ontology Essay Example for Free

Metaphysics ontology EssayI regain therefore I am-Descartes All noble functions are as difficult as they are rare- de de de de de Spinoza. Decorates and Spinoza are unique they are like nothing this class has studied previous. They focus on nature, innovation and power as the fundamental building blocks to their unique philosophies. The beauty of these two mens philosophies is not totally in their contrasts further in either the bases the students base draw from their logically designateing strategies last creating an individual philosophy and bettering unmatchables own demeanor from it. They both use logic but the use of spoken communication is the wild card that allows the real questioning to happen.Spinoza and Decorates are masters at using concrete facts and twisting them in much(prenominal) a way so as to question their universe entirely. well-nigh like adept is pressing the reset button on life and starting fresh. The best illustration I green goddess g ive is our day-to-day class discussion. Previously our tangents admit been focused and connected. But with Spinoza and Decorates they have been different. They have become sporadic, wide spread, and eye opening. Yes the focus has and will always remain to be on the ideals that these men present but the beauty in these philosophies are not restricted to just now their points.The beauty lies within what the student (since we are all students not philosophy kings yet) can question and provide. This newspaper will discuss all the points crucial to these two mens philosophies however, throughout the paper the tangents I will draw will reveal my own conclusions that I have been taking note collide with from our class discussion in hostelry to shed nigh light on the impact these philosophies have had to myself and philosophy itself. First thing that this paper will c everywhere, and the biggest topic of debate between the two is the dialectic about the listen and eubstance.Descarte s is a shopping center duelist. He believes nerve is divided into two things drumhead substance and embody substance. They are also independent entities in his eyes. In the second meditation he concludes that precariousness is possible about the existence of the body but there can be no mistrust as to the existence of the thinking judgment the mind simply cannot discredit the existence of thinking, since even the doubt itself would require thinking to exist (this concept itself is confusing and brilliant at the same time essentially embodying who Descartes is in a star thought). and then Descartes is able to conclude that since there is doubt about the existence of the body, the mind can think without the use of the body. Thus independence is the only logical result. After all of that, duality in substances is born and realized. On the contrary, Spinoza believes mind and body are the same substance. theme is dependent of the body and vice versa. The mind is united to the body because the body is the object of the mind (Ethics 2, attribute 21). However one does not determine the other The body cannot determine the mind to think, nor the mind the body to remain in motion or at rest (Ethics 3, 2). Simply put, it is illogical to believe that one act causes the other act to happen. The mind is in place to insure the survival of the body. He rejects the idea of substances that Descartes suggests. Spinoza believes that there is only infinite substance, and no finite substance which is a contradiction and a double negative (proving a statement false with false evidence). Each thing, mind and body, is both a thought and an propagation. The thought is what is known through ideas and the extension is what exists and is sensed bodilyly. Therefore thought is mental and extension is physical.For Spinoza, the mind and body act as a mirror image of each other incomplete has any freedom from the other dependence is therefore born. Then the role of infinite subst ance is introduced. Spinoza struggles that God is the only infinite substance in nature. There can be only one substance that satisfies the idea difference between the two philosophers and that is that Spinoza views thought and extension as inborn not having independent extensions. While in Descartes philosophy there are two distinct extensions. The mind substance is further divided into infinite and finite thinking.The infinite is God, the finite is each individual mind and soul. There is only one infinite thinking substance and that is God. thought is not a physical action (it is a behavior). It is an individual act that only the individual can control. One doesnt have to think a normal way, Descartes would argue. This connects to his views on education and how it can sometimes cloud individuals from their true passions and loves in life. Thinking with a clear mind is something that goes hand in hand with self-knowledge learning from experience through ones own paths and mistak es.Accepting that one cannot control everything (only ones thoughts and physical actions) and understanding the demand for an open mind to nature. Only then when this is all applied is it possible to live an active life living life to the fullest and embracing all it has to offer. This leads into Spinozas definition of affect. He defines it as the modifications of the body whereby the active power of the said body is increased or diminished, aided or constrained, and also the ideas of such modification (Ethics, prop 130). Simply put, that which is affected does not exist meaning the only thing that can possibly exist is God.Everything is dependent on something in order for it to survive a book, a tree, a person, is dependent on something else for its survival. One could argue (and will now) that the mind has the ability to affect too. The only thing that can affect the mind is the mind itself. But the mind can be deceiving. Overthinking or over analyzing can change our perception of what pragmatism is. Emotions and senses also add to the deception the mind can cause. A smell could lead somebody to not eat a meal hearing somebodys voice can be appealing or completely turn off the individual from furthering the conversation.The mind can also cause passive moments. Being passive is a huge part of nonentity to Spinoza. Although the passive moments in ones life are inevitable, Spinoza suggests that we moldiness attempt to control them in order obtain maximum freedom in life. Freedom is that in which someone lives an active life (living in the moment, embracing all that life can offer). By developing good habits, living actively, one can limit the passive moments and bounce back (not fall too far down the divided line). The object in life is to live the most active life and experience nature to the fullest.Descartes believes in the detailed opposite. He beliefs that mind and body are two separate substances that dont rely on each other. Therefore the mind cann ot affect the body and the body cannot affect the mind. Thus all that Spinoza would suggest is a waste. The four cores of life are sadness, joy, weakness and power. Each person will experience one in his or her lifetime (if one does not then their alien interesting what an alien is or is not). The key, Spinoza would argue is that one experiences the cores in their own way. The question he would ask is will you live your life or the way others tell you too. God is the key answer to this question. What does it mean to say that God is substance and that everything else is in God? Spinoza suggests that rocks, tables, chairs, birds, mountains, rivers and human beings are all properties of God. Thus all we are is a foundation off God. Its crazy to think that we are merely just part of an image of some other higher substance. When a person feels pain, sadness and joy does it follow that all the emotions are ultimately just a property of God, therefore suggesting that God feels it too (c hills run down*).This is the gut of Spinozas philosophy as he devotes the first 15 proportions to defining God and all that he does. Descartes is similar on his view with God. Gods existence is inferred, simply because of existence. For example, God is not an extended thing but only a thinking thing God exists in a higher form, and he and only he can cause its existence. The idea of God is the idea of an infinite substance. Since a finite substance is less real than an infinite substance. A finite substance does not have enough reality to be the cause of its own idea.But the idea must have come from something. So that something is God, which must be an infinite substance. Therefore, God exists as the only possible cause of this idea. These comparisons that the two philosophers naturally bewilder to the table lead the mind to wonder. The possibilities are endless when it comes to questions and conclusions. The beauty lies within these questions. It is up to the individual, as Spinoz a would say, to stop living a passive life and attack these philosophers in order to create something beautiful.

Eltons interpretation of the roles of Somerset and Northumberland Essay Example for Free

Eltons interpretation of the mappings of roundrsault and Northumberland EssayGeoffrey Elton presented a control of summerset as an incompetent eliminateer, who fai conduct to fill the policy-making vacuum the ascension of an infant monarch had created nonetheless, he was noble minded and had visionary aims. On the other hand, Elton saw Northumberland as ambitious and bureau stingy however, he did recognise that Northumberland had introduced welcome straightens to the funds and administration, which receivedly marked an improvement upon Somersets rule. In this essay, I get discover argue that Eltons assessment of their reforms and actions was correct, although his judgement of their characters, although true to a certain consummation, has been exaggerate. Somerset demonstrated very shrimpy concern for hu humannessitarian reform, as has been express by historians such as Elton, and his rule merely exacerbated problems at the give notice of Henrys obtain. Howev er, Northumberland showed more semipolitical ability in tackling the equally unskilled situation he face up and was not as power hungry as Elton suggested.There were signifi finisht problems at the end of Henrys reign. His extraneous policy had led to a poor financial situation warfares with France and Scotland, although a matter of national pride, rattling achieved very little and led to huge debts. Over 2 million had already been spent on the war with Scotland, however victory would discombobulate far prohibitedweighed these huge financial repercussions. Somerset, whence, genetic huge financial problems with huge debts and a debased coinage in addition, the war with Scotland continued and hostilities with France were spicy. However, it would be a error to say that the situation was at a point of no return, Somersets political inability is demonstrated in his failure to continue with the situation inherited from Henry. Indeed, his actions worsened the financial status of the Crown and served only to escalate discontent in his reign.Somersets political inability is shown in his failure to discontinue the damaging Scottish war he didnt realise, as his refilling did, that the Scottish war was unsustainable. Rather, Somersets decision to continue the war was the worst thinkable start for his rule and indicative of his inability, it lead to a poor frugal situation throughout his associated state and also to his vault of the more important issues facing his subjects.The Chantries Act (1547) that continued the dissolution of the monasteries in Henrys reign created inflation as a result, prices, especially grain, rose rapidly fuelling discontent among the poor. Had Somerset been more politically astute, he would throw off ended the Scottish war and undertaken financial reform. Instead, he made little or no effort to resolve the economic problems and left Northumberland with a worse situation than he had inherited. In this respect, I delay with E lton, who said that Somerset was without any sign of administrative or political sense, 1 this was not, however, limited to his economic policy.Somerset also inherited a nation divided on religion. Henry, although he had split from papal authority, never made the full transition from Catholicism to Protestantism as Northumberland did later in the Edwardian period. Rather, the doctrinal modifications, which followed the split from Rome, resulted in a conf engagementd nation. The ten articles of 1536 had seemed to establish England as Protestant however, the six articles 3 years later represented the return of some Catholic doctrine. As a result, there was a certain confusion and ambiguity as regards the state religion to some extent to do with the competition of the conservative and reform factions of the court, notwithstanding also the fact the Henry had never been wholly converted to Protestantism. Nevertheless, since he followed a monarch who had implemented perhaps the largest spiritual reform in the account statement of the church, Somerset had to deal with a situation of religious insecurity.Arguably, the effects of religious reform are harder to herald than the effects of economic policy therefore, it is easier to condemn Somerset as inept on the basis of his economic policies than it is on the basis of his religious reforms. Somersets religious reforms moved towards Protestantism with the introduction of a new petition adjudge and the Act of Uniformity as well as the Chantries Act, which abolished the remnants of Catholicism. However, in an attempt to appease both sides of the spectrum, a certain ambiguity still remained and Catholicism had not been categorically denied. However, the reforms were met only with discontent, for some it was too extremum and for others too moderate. The Treason Act, which ended restrictions on the discussion of religious doctrine, served only to make matters worse and led to disorder.In terms of religious reform, th e outcome would have been more stable had Somerset done nothing. We have seen that religious turmoil was the result of a lack of continuity in the short Edwardian and Marian eras. This suggests that a period of stability following the fast paced religious reform of the Henrician rule would have been expert in Somersets protectorate. However, as we have pull downd, the outcome of religious reform would have been much harder to gauge at the time. duration Somersets religious policy is not the sign of an expert politician, it cannot be purposed to condemn him to the equivalent extent as his economic record. His religious reform, therefore, supports Eltons fancy that Somerset had talked much about liberty but had produced disorder. 2 His aim to appease the extremes can at least be seen as well meaning, date his actions were not those of an experienced politician furthermore, his belief that appeasing the extremes was possible at this point is arguably naive.Somerset was poor at d ealing with the growing feeling of discontent in England. Not only was he largely responsible for the growth of discontent due to his economic and religious policies, but more importantly, instead of dealing with the roots of discontent he attempted to control the disorder that resulted. The Vagrancy Act (1547) was a cruel attempt to control the public, it meant that anyone out or work for 3 days would be branded with a V and sold into slavery for twain years. He put out the message that dissent was not to be tolerated, though his action was strong it showed few signs of impelling leadership. As his reign progressed it was clear that he showed no signs of dealing with the root of the issue, rather to avoid rebellion. A reform programme was supposedly creation put together by John Hales, who later turned out not to exist. Furthermore, having blamed the problems on enclo certain, reforms to remedy the problem were merely piecemeal and demonstrated indecisiveness.Somerset was inep t the paranoid measures preceding his conciliate such as bans on football and on the spreading of rumours simply confirm the hypothesis that Somerset had no real understanding of the political situation. In a similar vein to his belief that he could appease the religious extremes, attempting to pacify a discontented populace with piecemeal anti-enclosure measures and a fake reform programme was equally naive. Somerset fell from grace because of his own inability to rule Eltons assessment was understandably correct Somerset was disastrous as a leader. 3 However, Eltons enchant of Somerset as a humanitarian reformer with the best intentions exceeds the reasonable bounds of optimism.Most people, who have a most prefatorial sense of human rights, would see the Vagrancy Act as simply morally corrupt. His poor management of the frugality and heavy-handed measures of control hit those most in train the hardest. This demonstrates almost a total slue for the needs of the poor furtherm ore, anyone regarded as a humanitarian reformer, or at least a man with good intentions, would be incapable of passing the Vagrancy Act. It has been conceded that some good will may have prepare behind his religious reform, also anti-enclosure legislation may show faint concern for the poor. However, such recount is far outweighed by his record of controlling legislation. Somerset was not a humanitarian reformer Elton seems to have avoided the conclusion that a rudimentary presentation of the facts would suggest. Rather, the failure of anti-enclosure legislation is evidence of Somerset appeasing the elect as well attempting to pacify the poor, an end from which he could gain a lot more political capital. Indeed, far from concurring with Eltons thesis on this issue, I suggest that Somerset was motivated by a liking to secure his own position of power.His continued use of proclamations as well as his neglect of the Privy Council demonstrates this theme. The Treason Act had done mo re than permit religious discussions it repealed a introductory act, which said that royal proclamations had the same force as acts of Parliament. Consequently, Somerset was now able to issue proclamations without the consent of his council and he frequently availed himself of this opportunity. Indeed, on average Somerset issued 13 more proclamations per year that usual.Furthermore, his attempts to hold onto power by control rather than tackling the root issues point to a man who was motivated by a need to secure his own position. Elton did recognise his neglect of the council He alienated his fellow councillors whose feelings and ideas he persistently ignored. 4 However, Elton did not recognise the power seeking nature of Somersets character. I would agree with Heard who presented Somerset, not as a man with noble aims as Elton suggests, but as an arrogant self-seeker. 5Therefore, It seems that Elton was correct in his judgement of Somerset as an inept leader as demonstrated in hi s economic and to some extent his religious policies as well as his abysmal handling of a situation of unrest, which he himself had created. However, Somerset was power seeking, not a man of noble aims his record of legislation was clearly not motivated by a concern for the poor. Elton said It is difficult to say who did more harm to the state they were supposed to govern. 6 It can certainly be said that Somerset exacerbated the poor situation later Henrys reign, the economic situation worsened through continuation of the wars and the Chantries Act. Religious confusion was not eased and arguably fuelled dissent and he left a country in unrest after the rebellions that led to his take root. Therefore, I agree with Eltons view that he was inept and cause harm to the country, although I disagree with Eltons view of Somersets aims.Northumberland, on the other hand, introduced welcome reforms. Elton argues as much, however I believe Elton exaggerated his assessment of Northumberland a s power hungry furthermore, Northumberlands effective reforms did not harm the country and it is unjust to tar Northumberland and Somerset with the same brush. Northumberland inherited a worse situation than Somerset and demonstrated political astuteness in his action, which dealt with the root of the problem. In addition, his dealings with the Privy Council and use of proclamation were far removed from the power hungry tactics of Somerset. though his religious policy was arguably harsh and his attempts to alter the succession seem power seeking, Elton exaggerated this component of Northumberlands character.Arguably, Northumberlands best move was to end the Scottish and French wars. Indeed, the way in which the two leaders dealt with the wars can be seen as key in defining their rule and also how we interpret their ability. The treaty of Boulogue, although bad for England in the short-term, allowed the finances to improve and Northumberland to focus on the heartbreaking sociable u nrest, Somersets mess that Northumberland was forced to deal with. The treaty is a clear indication of Northumberlands superior ability to Somerset indeed, this theme is shown throughout the arrangement. remote from harming the country, Northumberland had shown realism and taken the first step towards recovery. Furthermore, re-evaluation of the coinage and prohibition of usury in 1552 helped to improve the economy. Northumberland, in contrast with Somerset, made some positive achievements his economic policies helped to reverse the terrible situation left by Somerset. Moreover, his governance seems to have shown a commitment to reform, which had a current and lasting positive effect.The reformation of the tax courts was indicative of this commitment to reform. In 1549, five ministries were responsible for collecting money and the situation was worsened by corruption in some courts. Although reform was not carried out under his rule, the recommendations of the Royal Commission wer e carried out in the Marian era. Therefore, the Boulogue treaty conjugate with other economic policies and a clear commitment to financial reform demonstrates that Northumberland was an able politician. Northumberlands economic policies were sound and he should be praised for steering a course out of the economic disaster created by Henry and worsened by Somerset. Indeed, it is arguable that Northumberland set the foundations for stable finances through into the Marian and Elizabethan eras.Elton notes that in Marys reign financial and administrative recovery owed nothing to the nance or her policy. 7 This adds strength to the argument that Northumberland deserves particular credit for his economic policy. Certainly, Elton was unreasonable to ask which of the two did more harm to the country. In doing so Elton comes dangerously close to equating the achievements of the two however, Northumberland could not be accused of harming the country, particularly in reference to the financ es. However, on this issue, it seems that this quote should be taken with a rack of salt, for, within the same paragraph Elton praised Northumberlands economic policies. Ignoring that rather peculiar quote, I would concur with Eltons high eulogy of Northumberlands financial reforms, which Elton says provided the basis for sound finance in the reign of Elizabeth I. 8His religious policy resulted in a largely more favourable result than that of Somerset. Northumberlands policy was clear the Church of England was to become Protestant. The 1552 Prayer Books changed the services to meet Protestant doctrine and all glamour was removed in favour of simplicity. Somersets mistaking had been to introduce half-hearted, indecisive reform that attempted to appease as many people as possible. By contrast, Northumberland was decisive arguably, this was a risky strategy as it may have incited catholic rebellion. However, rebellions were small and Northumberland was happy in crushing them.It is clear that his religious policy was, once again, a sign of his political ability. Northumberland had recognised that decisive action would create the stability required after the fast paced and confusing reform of his predecessors. His religious policy has been accused of being harsh though this may be the case, it was a successful policy. Furthermore, it is arguable that had Mary not usurped the Protestant reformation, Northumberlands religious policy would have enjoyed the same long-term success as his financial policies. Northumberlands successful consolidation of the reformation supports Eltons argument that he showed skill in public affairs 9.Further support for Eltons assessment of Northumberlands role comes from his handling of the social unrest. He deserves credit for his handling of the serious law and order problem during his rule. The aftermath of the 1549 rebellions and bad economic situation following Somersets fall coupled with three bad harvests and a collapse of the cloth trade meant that Northumberland had serious social unrest and disaffection to deal with. Rather than attempting to control and crush the unrest like Somerset, Northumberland attempted to solve the root problems and therein Northumberlands greater understanding of the situation is demonstrated.Sheep tax was abolished, enclosure commissions were abandoned, an Act in 1552 protected arable factory farm and a new poor law meant that Northumberland had a more successful social policy. Furthermore, his success with financial recovery enhanced his efforts at calming dissent largely through reducing inflation. In this regard, though not a humanitarian reformer, Northumberland demonstrated a concern for social justice 10, which was clearly greater than that of Somerset. Again I would support the view of Elton that Northumberland showed political skill demonstrated here by his social policy, which solved the root problems rather than attempting to control the dissent.Therefore, Elton was correct in pointing out the very positive achievements of Northumberlands reign. He played an important role in halting the financial and religious problems, which were created by Henry and exacerbated by Somerset. This was not a point that Elton expressly put forward, however I think this was a probatory part of Northumberlands role, which should be emphasised. I would also agree with Elton that his financial reforms were influential far past his fall although I would venture to suggest that his religious reform also had an influence in the future, though to a lesser extent, in shaping Elizabeths policy 11.There may be an argument, however, to suggest that the assessment of Northumberlands role in the preceding paragraphs has gone too far to presenting Northumberland as a political genius. It must(prenominal) not be forgotten that Northumberland always had the benefit of hindsight, having seen the failures of Somersets reign. His financial, religious and social policies can a ll be seen as informed by the failures of Somersets reign. Whether, for example, Northumberland would have followed the same decisive religious policy had he been the direct successor of Henry is an interesting question. Therefore we must conclude that Northumberland was an apt politician, though certainly not anyplace near a political genius as we must recognise that he was able to strike from Somersets reign.It is possible to argue on the exact political abilities of Northumberland and how much advantage hindsight afforded him however, the fact remains that his achievements were positive. While I may give more credit to Northumberland in some areas of his role, I would concur with Eltons view that Northumberland was an apt politician. Moreover, his view that Northumberlands rule marked an improvement on Somersets 12 is clearly correct and is back up by other historians, such as Alan Smith Northumberland was a much more realistic and effective ruler than the traditionally overpra ised Somerset. 13Elton was correct in his assessment of Northumberland as greedy, however he has exaggerated the claim that Northumberland was power hungry. It is clear that this desire for power was present in his character as revealed in the fearful attempt to alter the succession at the end of his rule nevertheless, it did not dominate his governance as Somersets desire for power motivated much of his policy. It is undeniable that during his rule his power and wealth change magnitude significantly. Initially he gave himself the Earldom of Warwick and later became the Duke of Northumberland. He proceeded to make financial gains through land many of his pursual took the liberty to do the same. Clearly, he exploited his position to satisfy his greed and many argued this was at the disbursal of the King. Therefore, I would not argue with Eltons view that Northumberland was greedy.His desperate attempt to alter the succession is certainly a sign of a serious desire for power. He a ttempted in vain to abandon the previous succession acts of Henrys reign to bypass Mary and Elizabeth and install Lady Jane Grey, through whom Northumberland could retain a high level of power. It was a failure from the outset, he was unable to secure Marys arrest and upon the death of Edward the people of England opted unsurprisingly for the just heir.It was a dismal end to his governance and certainly evidence of a serious desire for power. However, as evidence of his desire for power, it should be viewed in the context of his whole governance. This was an act of desperation at the end of a rule in which his policies could not be seen as indicative of a thirst for power. many a(prenominal) of Somersets policies were methods of control to secure his position moreover, he had demonstrated his desire for power through continued use of proclamation and a neglect of his council. Northumberland, despite the end of his rule, displayed a far more restrained policy and attitude to govern ment, which leads me to the conclusion that Elton has exaggerated his claims of Northumberland as power hungry.Northumberland restored the Privy Council to its proper position under his counselor and control. Although he did not limit his power to use proclamations, he was much more cautious with their use making sure they were always based on parliamentary statute furthermore, he made sure he consulted the council. This restrained attitude to government is evidence of him limiting his power and therefore is not unreserved of desire for power. Of course, one could argue that he had learnt from Somersets mistakes and realised that the approach he took was the best way to appreciation in his councils favour and thus maintain power. This argument leads to the opposite conclusion that this attitude to government demonstrates his desire for power. However, the fallacy of the latter argument is that his attitude to government led to the retention of his position, not to power. His moti vation for this kind with his council was to remain in his position the fact remains that through these means his power was limited and therefore it seems that it is more reasonable to accept the former argument. His policy and governance was not indicative of power hunger.Therefore, his desperate attempt to alter the succession coupled with his moderate policy and governance as discussed above lead to the conclusion that he did have a desire for power, but not to the extent that Elton suggested. It is worthy of note that the very nature of Somerset and Northumberlands rules implies a certain extent of power hunger. Their positions relied upon taking advantage of the political vacuum opened up by the infant monarch. Therefore, I would agree with Elton that Northumberland was greedy, however to say that Northumberland was exceedingly ambitious of power 14 is an exaggeration and is not supported by his record in power. Lastly, it must be noted that though Northumberland may have dis played some unpleasant character traits, this does not transgress upon the success of his reform programmes.In brief conclusion, I agree with Eltons interpretation of the roles of Somerset and Northumberland to a certain extent. I agree with Elton that Somerset was incompetent and his role did indeed harm the country exacerbating the problems he inherited from Henry. However, Eltons view of Somerset as a humanitarian reformer is an error. Largely, I concur with Eltons view of Northumberland although I would give him more credit for dealing with serious problems he faced and leaving a lasting political influence. Furthermore, he was undoubtedly greedy, yet Elton has exaggerated his desire for power. If we ignore the characters of the two rulers, Eltons full general view seems to be that Somerset was damaging whereas Northumberland brought forward marked improvements. In this general sense, I would agree with Eltons thesis.1 Elton, G.R. England under the Tudors. p. 2082 Ibid.3 Ibid. p. 2104 Ibid. p. 2085 Heard, N. quoted from Webb, C. Was it the policies engage by Henry VIII that caused the mid-Tudor crisis? http//www.geocities.com/CollegePark/2809/page15.html6 Elton, G.R. England under the Tudors. p. 2107 Elton, G.R. England under the Tudors. p. 2148 Ibid. p. 2099 Ibid. p. 21010 Smith, A.G.R. The Emergence of a Nation State. p. 7111 Anderson, A. and Imperato, T. An Introduction to Tudor England 1485-1603. p. 15412 Elton, G.R. England under the Tudors. p. 20913 Smith, A.G.R. The Emergence of a Nation State. p. 7314 Elton, G.R. England under the Tudors. p. 209